Grover Cleveland, President of the United States, had a very important surgery. It was a medical feat of genius. He was able successfully to remove a tumour from his mouth. He lived a long, happy life after the surgery.
It was performed in 1893. The country was experiencing severe economic depression at that time due to the railroad bubble and bank failures. This made it difficult for the media to report the news. In order to avoid panic, Cleveland decided to have the operation in secret. His plan was to use the yacht of a friend.
He was diagnosed with cancer of his mouth in 1893. When the doctors examined him, they found a large bump on the roof of his mouth. They suspected that this was a cancer. Although the tumor was severe, doctors were reluctant to disclose it. They feared the news would spread and cause a national panic.
Although the doctors didn't mention it publicly, a group of surgeons set sail aboard a friend’s yacht to perform surgery. The patient was then sedated by an anesthesiologist who injected him with ether. The doctors took out much of the upper jawbone and fitted a hard rubber prosthesis.
It's hard to keep a secret so big in modern times. Many people are more comfortable hiding their illnesses than being open with their doctors. But in 1890s, the American press was a wonder of its time. Many were shocked when the surgery was performed.
The operation was performed on a yacht near Long Island, New York. On the Oneida, several prominent doctors were present. Doctors used rudimentary equipment, but performed the operation with remarkable efficiency. Dr. Joseph Bryant was the surgeon. Ferdinand Hasbrouck was a dentist and he was joined by four other doctors.
Cleveland spoke to congress several days after the operation. Cleveland and the Oneida crew chatted on the boat, as they returned to New York. Cleveland lost some hearing after the operation, but he quickly recovered.
Five of the lower left jawbones were also removed. The surgeons also fitted a vulcanized-rubber prosthetic to close the hole in his mouth. These were the only visible signs of the procedure, which was done entirely in the patient's mouth.
Although it wasn't the most remarkable medical feat of the time, Grover Cleveland's secret operation is an impressive one. It was not until 1917 that the news of the operation became widely known. Not only was the operation a medical wonder, but it had a significant impact on President Obama's life.
Although Cleveland's surgery was performed in the presence of a team medical professionals, it was also a publicity stunt. He had his tumor removed while sailing on a yacht. This was a clever way of keeping the public from knowing.
FAQ
How does the brain control the functions of your body?
The brain sends messages to other organs and muscles to ensure they work together. Your body's functions are controlled by your brain. It tells both your stomach and lungs what to do; it also controls your legs and arms.
Your brain is made up of billions upon billions of nerve cells that are connected together in groups called neuronal groups. Neurons communicate with each other by sending electrical signals called action potentials on axons. Each neuron is covered by a cell membrane. Channels within the membrane allow ions such potassium and sodium to enter and leave the cells. The neuron fires when there is ion movement.
Neurotransmitters, chemical substances that are released when a neuron fires. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the second neuron, opening ion channels so ions can pass in and out of the channel. As a result, the second neuron fires too.
When another neuron sends an impulse to the presynaptic neural cell, neurotransmitter is released. The impulse travels along the synapse connecting the two neurons. The transmitter binds directly to the receptors in the postsynaptic nervous neuron, and triggers the firing.
Neurotransmitters are important for communication within the nervous system. They coordinate brain activity among different parts.
Have you ever wondered how much trash is produced worldwide each day?
According to the United Nations the average person creates more than 2.5 lbs of waste daily. That adds up over 25 billion kilos of garbage every year.
Most of this rubbish ends up in landfills or incinerators. But, what happens when those dumpsters fill up? The majority of this rubbish is sent out of the country. It is then dumped in other countries, where it pollutes their ecosystems.But now, thanks to the work of one man, we know exactly where all this trash goes. Mike Sexton is his name. He runs a company called Waste Watchers.He spends his days watching the movements of trucks transporting trash across North America. Then he reports back to us about what happens next.
Sexton says he finds his job very satisfying. CNN spoke with Sexton that they have a lot fun. "We'll be following these big rigs through town. "Sexton began following truck drivers almost 20 years ago.
"It's all I felt," he stated.
His favorite story is about a driver that pulled into an abandoned gas station just outside Los Angeles. Sexton said that the man was searching for a place to store his stuff. "He saw the building as he drove down the road. He backed up and entered the building. "There were two enormous roll-off containers filled with stuff. The man took all the stuff out and filled up his truck with more. "Then, he took everything out and started filling up the truck again. There were tires, rags. furniture, mattresses. boxes, bottles, cans. "It was just total chaos. But it was cleaned out before he came. There wasn’t trash everywhere."
So why did this happen? Well, the answer is that this particular location used to be part of a recycling center.People who learned about this facility would drive here to recycle their trash. Sexton explained that they would bring household items and take them to the building. Then, after they were done, they would empty the containers.
This could happen hundreds of time per week. This can happen hundreds of times a week.Eventually, the truck becomes so overloaded with junk that it stops running. The owner eventually abandons the vehicle.
Trash isn’t the only problem we face on the planet.
The majority of these particles are made of small pieces of plastic. Others end up in rivers, oceans or the stomachss of fish.
Experts say if nothing changes, we could soon face a global food shortage. One expert said, "If we keep going as we are going, we're never going to make it," but most people don’t seem concerned.
What are 5 interesting facts about the liver?
The liver is responsible in breaking down toxins, storing vitamins and mineral, and for regulating blood pressure. It also helps regulate blood pressure and keeps our body temperature stable.
What number of times have you heard someone say that they feel sluggish or heavy? These symptoms could indicate problems with your liver.
Other symptoms include itching, yellowing of the skin, heavy urine, yellowing of the skin, fatigue and nausea. These are not all the warning signs. If you experience any of them, make an appointment with your doctor immediately.
The liver plays a crucial role in our lives. It plays a role in detoxification, digestion, metabolism, immunity, and reproduction.
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The average adult liver weights about 1,400g.
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At birth, a baby's liver is half the size of an adult. It can grow to four times the size of an infant's liver by the age 3.
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The liver is located below the ribs on the left-hand side of your abdomen.
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There are 16 major liver lobes. However there are many smaller, more intimate lobules.
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Red blood cells make up approximately 10 million of the liver's total.
What is the most intriguing fact about the human anatomy?
Two eyes, two ears and two nostrils are part of our bodies. We also have four limbs: a mouth, nose, penis, and four limbs. We have over 50 parts of our bodies. However, one thing is missing. A heart.
The heart is a pump that circulates blood throughout your body. Blood travels through the arteries and veins, carrying oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing carbon dioxide and waste products.
The heart pumps about 5 liters blood per minute. This is equivalent to an adult consuming 2-3 cups of coffee per day.
The heart is constantly pumping blood, 24 hours a week, 365 day a year. While sleeping, your heart beats close to 100 times per minute.
You can tell whether someone is healthy or unhealthy because of the color of their skin. Looking closely at the skin's surface, you can see tiny blood vessels called capillaries. These tiny vessels transport blood from the larger blood vessels to the heart. The skin turns purple or blue when there is a blockage in blood flow.
Red blood cells are missing in people with sickle-cell disease. They become very sick when their blood becomes hardened and sticky.
Bandages are used to stop bleeding after you have cut yourself. The wound must remain open for blood to flow properly. Doctors insert a needle into the injured area through the skin. This allows blood flow to the area that has been injured.
Doctors also insert tubes (catheters) into the artery near the site where the blood clot forms. This helps to keep the patient alive until the blood clot disintegrates naturally.
Statistics
- Your mouth makes a lot of saliva every day It might seem like way too much, but your salivary glands typically produce anywhere from 0.5 and 1.5 liters a day, according to a 2009 study published in the Journal of Medicine and Life. (romper.com)
- The average human adult male heart rate is between 70 and 72 beats per minute, while the average for adult women is between 78 and 82 beats, which is significantly faster, according to 2014 published in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. (romper.com)
- In fact, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, you make 15 to 30 gallons of tears each year, which is insane when you think about it. (romper.com)
- In one 2014 study published in the Archives of Medical Science that sought to study the prevalence of these mites, research showed that 41% of the people had them hanging out in their eyelashes. (romper.com)
- According to a 2018 study published in Free Radical Biology & Medicine, this is because blood pressure is regulated by our innate circadian rhythm and internal clock. (romper.com)
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Hollywood Actors with PhDs: Actresses and Actors with PhDs
The list of people who had PhDs includes many well-known names such as Stephen Hawking, Albert Einstein, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Oprah Winfrey, Michael Jordan, Barack Obama, and many others. Nikola Tesla, Charles Darwin and Isaac Newton are some of the most famous scientists. Linus Pauling is another.
Some stars have Ph.D. degrees including actor Tom Hanks and singer Barbra Streisand.
All these stars earned their doctorate from different universities around the world. Many of these celebrities became successful business leaders and entrepreneurs after earning their PhDs.
Some other actors and actresses that have PhDs are:
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Actor David Schwimmer has an MBA from Columbia University Business School. He was also an alumni of NYU's Tisch Schools of the Arts.
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Jennifer Aniston was an actress who graduated Dartmouth College with a Bachelor in Science degree. Harvard University granted her Master of Science in Organizational Behavior, Human Resources Management.
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Actress Julia Roberts studied Biology at Yale University before getting her Masters of Public Administration from Georgetown University.
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Actor Edward Norton graduated from Brown University with his Bachelors of Fine Arts. He went on to earn his Doctorate from Stanford University in Molecular Biophysics, and Biochemistry.
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Maggie Gyllenhaal, actress, graduated Barnard College from with a Bachelor in English Literature. Columbia University granted her her Master of Social Work.
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Actress Sarah Jessica Parker was awarded her Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Wellesley College. Columbia University is her master's program in clinical psychology.
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Sandra Bullock, an actress, earned her Bachelor of Arts from the University of California Berkeley. She continued on to UCLA for her Masters of Education.
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Reese Witherspoon, an actress, earned her Bachelor's degree in Political Science at Tulane University. After that, she earned her Master of International Affairs at Tufts University's Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
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Michelle Williams, an actress, graduated from Wesleyan University in Massachusetts with a Bachelor's degree in Arts. She went on to receive her Master of Arts Degree in Psychology from Boston University.
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Actress Shailene Woolley graduated from Brigham Young University Hawaii with a Bachelor in Arts. Then she attended graduate school at San Francisco State University to earn her Master's degree in Environmental Studies.
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Will Smith, actor graduated from Howard University after receiving a bachelor's in Communications. The Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University gave him his Master of Business Administration.
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Queen Latifah was an actress who graduated from Michigan State University with her Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill awarded her a Master of Public Health.
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Amy Adams, an actress graduated from Juilliard School after receiving her Bachelor of Music degree. From Manhattan School of Music she received her Master of Music.
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Halle Berry, an actress, graduated from American Conservatory Theater with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. Carnegie Mellon University conferred her Master of Fine Arts acting degree.
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Brittany Murphy was an actress. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Theatre Arts) from Santa Monica High School. She went on to earn her Masters of Fine Arts Acting from the New York Film Academy.