Laos has been a part French-controlled Indochina since the 1960s. The United States entered the Vietnam War, in 1961. Shortly thereafter, a secret war was fought in Laos. The CIA led a covert operation against the communist Pathet Lao.
The mission of the CIA in Laos was to defeat the communist threat, but it also recruited tens or thousands of Hmong fighters for the operation. Although it was a guerrilla conflict, there was also a humanitarian component. In southern Laos, a special force, known as the Special Guerrilla Unit was formed. These units were used for attacking North Vietnamese soldiers. These units were ultimately defeated and the United States ended its involvement in Laos.
The first secret war in CIA's history, the Laos war was fought in secret. Its estimated budget was $3 billion. The number of CIA contractors working in Laos grew 2000% over the course of the decade.
Pro-American Laos were forced to live in jail camps or killed, and thousands of them were. Others were taken into the jungle by guards. Some families were completely destroyed. Those who survived were left alone to survive in caves and fields at night.
Sometimes the CIA managed the battle strategy. Most of the time however, it was left to locals. Many villages were destroyed, killing thousands of civilians by CIA air strikes.
During the "Secret War", thousands upon thousands of Lao patriots died. The United States pulled out from South Vietnam and Laos lost financial support. The CIA was unable operate as before.
Therefore, the CIA decided it was necessary to establish a clandestine Hmong military. It was a way to avoid the prohibition of direct military assistance in Geneva Accords. Many Laos believed the Communists wanted to take over the country, but they refused.
During World War II, the CIA established "Lima Sites" (or ports of entry) throughout the country to transport supplies and Hmong troops. LS-36 was one of the most significant Lima Sites. Another noteworthy site was LS-20A.
The CIA eventually decided to evacuate Laos following the war. The United States gave up its financial and military support to Laos following the Paris Peace Treaty. In the end, however, the CIA operation in Laos proved to be a success. The CIA was able to stop Laos communism's spread.
The Secret War in Laos proved to be a complex and complicated affair. While the CIA's efforts to fight the communist threat were effective, it was a disaster in America's relations with the Lao government.
Although the US-led Secret War in Laos is gone, its legacy continues to cause havoc. The country still has hundreds of UXOs littering its countryside. Khamvongsa has lobbied US officials to help clear up this problem. He is now working on a new book about the war, which focuses on the key characters in the Laos conflict.
FAQ
What is the most mysterious location on Earth?
Antarctica is the world's most mysterious place on Earth.
What is it that makes this place so interesting? Because it is unlike any place on Earth.
It is very remote and isolated. There is much more to this place than meets the eyes.
This natural wonder is also home to some of the strangest wildlife species.
Let's look at how this extraordinary destination became so mysterious.
Antarctica: The South Pole
It is not known why Antarctica was called Antarctica. Some believe it means "land of ice." Others believe it comes from Greek mythology.
Antarktis in ancient Greece was the name given the island where Zeus' twin brother brothers were born. According to one source, one of the twins was conceived in winter. Therefore, the name antarctic.
Others believe that the name is a combination of the Greek words anti and tropos which mean against and turn. This would translate to land that is turned away from the sun.
Whatever the reason Antarctica holds a special fascination, people have always loved it.
It is the continent with the lowest, windiest and highest temperatures. Because it is too frigid, there are no trees, animals, or plants.
This frozen wasteland is still alive.
Here, 90 percent live of all species of living things. About 50% of the world's plant and animal species can be found here.
What is Antarctica? Here, water freezes in ice rather that vaporizing into the atmosphere.
This causes large ice masses to rise above the ground.
These floating glaciers make up 80%. And they're growing larger every year.
The Antarctic ice has grown 60 feet so far since 1960.
The sea level will rise up to 200 feet if melting continues. That could cause massive flooding around the globe.
But not everyone thinks this is bad news. Global warming may be beneficial for some scientists. They believe that global warming will lead to melting ice sheets faster and floods that can flush toxic chemicals out of our soils and bodies.
Others, however, warn that this theory sounds almost like a plot for a science fiction film.
Have you ever wondered what amount of trash is generated each day worldwide?
According to the United Nations, the average person produces over 2.5 pounds of daily waste.That adds up to over 25 billion pounds of garbage per year!
Many of this trash ends in landfill dumps, or incinerators. But what happens if those dumpsters are full? Where does all that rubbish go?Well, most of it gets shipped out of the country. It is then shipped out and dumped in other countries. This pollutes the ecosystems. But now we know, thanks to one man. Mike Sexton is his nickname. He runs Waste Watchers, a company that monitors the movements of trucks carrying trash all across North America. Then he reports back to us about what happens next.
Sexton said he enjoys his job. CNN's Sexton said, "We have a lot to enjoy." "We see big rigs coming through town and we'll follow them. "Sexton began following truck drivers almost 20 years ago.
He stated, "I just fell in Love with It."
His favorite story involved a driver who pulled off at an abandoned gas station near Los Angeles. Sexton remembered, "The man was looking for somewhere to put the load." "He drove down the street and saw this building. He stopped and pulled up, then he went inside. "There were 2 large containers that had been rolled off, and they were full of stuff. The man took all the stuff out and filled up his truck with more. "Then he looked at the place and decided to unload everything. There were old tires and rags, furniture pieces, mattresses, mattresses and boxes. "It was a complete mess. But it had been cleaned before he arrived. There was no trash."
Why did this happen? The answer is that this location was once part of a recycling facility. People who knew about it would drive to this location to recycle their garbage. "They'd bring their household items and take them to this building," Sexton explained.And after they finished, they would leave the empty containers behind.
Now, because of the way the law works, once a container reaches its destination, it cannot be opened.So no matter how often someone takes something out of it, the thing will never be emptied.Every time the truck comes by, it has to start over again. It can happen hundreds of time per week. Eventually, the truck is so full of junk it stops running. And eventually, the owner decides to abandon the vehicle.
Trash isn’t the only problem we face on the planet.
Many of these tiny plastic pieces end up in landfills and incinerators. Some end up in rivers and oceans, while others end up in fish's stomachs.
Experts warn of a possible global food crisis if nothing is done. Experts warn, "If you keep going like you're going," we could soon face a global food shortage. But most people don't seem to be worried, even though scientists are unanimous in warning us that the world is heading towards disaster.
What is the most intriguing fact about the human anatomy?
We have two eyes and two ears, two nostrils each, four limbs, four limbs and a penis. You're correct, there are more than 50 parts in our bodies. But, one thing is missing. The heart.
The heart is a pump that circulates blood throughout your body. The blood moves through the arteries and veins to transport oxygen and nutrients into the cells, and remove carbon dioxide.
The heart pumps out about 5 liters per minute. This is equivalent to a person drinking 2-3 cups coffee daily.
Blood flows through the heart 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. When you're asleep, your heart beats approximately 100 times per hour.
Skin color can be used to determine if someone has a medical condition. The capillaries are tiny blood vessels that can be seen on the skin's surface. These small vessels carry blood from the large blood vessel in the skin back towards the heart. When blood flow is blocked, the skin turns blue or purple.
People with sickle cells lack red blood cell. Patients with sickle cell disease have their blood become sticky and harden, leading to severe illness.
To stop bleeding from a cut, you can apply a bandage to the wound. Blood must continue to flow to allow the wounds to heal properly. Doctors will insert a needle under the skin to access the vein near the injury. This allows the blood from the injured area to drain.
Doctors may also insert catheters (catheters), in an artery to treat a blood clot. This keeps the patient alive till the blood clot dissolves naturally.
Is there a Hollywood blacklist of actors?
There is a Hollywood blacklist.
However, the list isn’t public. We don't know the names. It matters because of this.
The secret reason is that directors and actors who are on the blacklist would not be able to find employment. They would go out of business which would mean that studios would lose their money. That would result in a reduction in spending on movies. Which would mean fewer opportunities for the blacklisted filmmakers. They could go bankrupt.
This could mean more victims.
If someone attempts to make an Oscar-winning movie, they may be asked to sign a contract stating that they will not speak out against their employers. This applies to any producer or director who wishes to be nominated.
It's no surprise that directors are often forced to take out scenes in their films by producers. Directors threaten to abandon projects that don’t conform to their vision.
This is the reason there is a Hollywood blacklist. You'll likely become unemployed if you say bad things about your employer. This is not good news for anyone.
It is not uncommon for people to be falsely accused. And they've had to fight to clear their name.
This is unacceptable behavior and must be stopped. Everybody should be able to freely express themselves.
Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the Hollywood blacklist.
Statistics
- In one 2014 study published in the Archives of Medical Science that sought to study the prevalence of these mites, research showed that 41% of the people had them hanging out in their eyelashes. (romper.com)
- According to a 2018 study published in Free Radical Biology & Medicine, this is because blood pressure is regulated by our innate circadian rhythm and internal clock. (romper.com)
- The average human adult male heart rate is between 70 and 72 beats per minute, while the average for adult women is between 78 and 82 beats, which is significantly faster, according to 2014 published in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. (romper.com)
- In fact, nearly 24% of U.S. women are affected with one or more pelvic floor disorders, according to research funded by the National Institutes of Health. (romper.com)
- "It is estimated that 75% of people have at least mild gum disease, with the most common symptoms being bleeding when brushing, bad breath, and dark and swollen gums," Dr. Ron Baise, a London-based dentist, tells Romper. (romper.com)
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Hollywood Actors, Actresses and Actors with PhDs
Many prominent names include Oprah, Bill Gates. Steve Jobs. Bill Gates. Oprah. Winfrey. Michael Jordan. Barack Obama. Famous scientists include Nikola Tesla, Charles Darwin, Isaac Newton, Marie Curie, Linus Pauling, Richard Feynman, Albert Einstein, Robert Goddard, John Bardeen, James Watson, Francis Crick, Erwin Schrodinger, and many others.
Some celebrities had Ph.D. degrees, including actor Tom Hanks, singer Barbra Streisand, and actress Meryl Streep.
These stars all received their doctorate degrees at different universities around world. Many of these celebrities became successful business leaders and entrepreneurs after earning their PhDs.
Some of the other well-known actors and actresses who have PhDs include:
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Actor David Schwimmer received an MBA at Columbia University Business School. He was also an alumni of NYU's Tisch Schools of the Arts.
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Actress Jennifer Aniston graduated from Dartmouth College with her Bachelor of Science degree. Harvard University granted her Master of Science in Organizational Behavior, Human Resources Management.
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Julia Roberts is an actor who studied Biology at Yale University, before obtaining her Masters of Public Administration at Georgetown University.
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Actor Edward Norton graduated Brown University with a Bachelors of Fine Art. He then earned his Doctorate in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry from Stanford University.
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Maggie Gyllenhaal was an actress who graduated from Barnard College with a Bachelor's degree in English Literature. Columbia University gave her her Master of Social Work.
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Sarah Jessica Parker, actress was awarded a Bachelor of Arts in psychology at Wellesley College. Columbia University is her master's program in clinical psychology.
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Sandra Bullock, actress, received her Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of California Berkeley. She went on to receive her Masters of Education degree from UCLA.
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Reese Witherspoon was an actress. She earned her Bachelor in Arts in Political Science degree from Tulane University. She then earned her Master of International Affairs from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
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Actress Michelle Williams graduated from Wesleyan University with a Bachelor of Arts degree. She then received her Master of Arts degree as a Psychology Specialist from Boston University.
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Actress Shailene Whiteley graduated from Brigham Young University in Hawaii with a Bachelor's degree in Arts. Then she attended graduate school at San Francisco State University to earn her Master's degree in Environmental Studies.
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Actor Will Smith graduated from Howard University with a bachelor's degree in Communications. He earned his Master of Business Administration degree from Northwestern University's Kellogg Graduate School of Management.
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Queen Latifah is an actor. She graduated with a Bachelor in Science in Nursing from Michigan State University. From there, she received her Master of Public Hospital from the University of North Carolina.
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Actress Amy Adams graduated from the Juilliard School with her Bachelor of Music degree. The Manhattan School of Music awarded her Master of Music degree.
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Halle Berry, an actress, graduated from American Conservatory Theater with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. Carnegie Mellon University granted her Master of Fine Arts Degree in Acting.
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Brittany Murphy was an actress. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Theatre Arts) from Santa Monica High School. She went on to earn her Masters of Fine Arts Acting from the New York Film Academy.